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A simple brushless sensored motor driver for AVR Atmega
Brushless electric motor (BLDC motors) are synchronous motors that are powered by a DC electric source via an integrated inverter/switching power supply, which produces an AC electric signal to drive the motor. Additional electronics control the inverter output amplitude and waveform (and therefore percent of DC bus usage/efficiency) and frequency (i.e. rotor speed). Because the controller must direct the rotor rotation, the controller requires some means of determining the rotor's orientation/position (relative to the stator coils). Some designs use Hall effect sensors or a rotary encoder to directly measure the rotor's position, others measure the back EMF in the undriven coils to infer the rotor position, eliminating the need for separate Hall effect sensors, and therefore are often called sensorless controllers.
The following explanation is taken from "AVR443: Sensor-based control of three phase Brushless DC motor" sheet.
Theory of operation:
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http://davidegironi.blogspot.it/2013/09/a-simple-brushless-sensored-motor.html#.Uj3WPFQ9taM
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